Authorized dealer
Metra 72-4568
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2021 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Buick
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2021 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Buick
• Fits select 1990-2021 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Buick
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2021 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Buick
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-8104
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Subaru, Mitsubishi
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Subaru, Mitsubishi
• Fits select 1990-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Subaru, Mitsubishi
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Subaru, Mitsubishi
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-6514
Install New Speakers in select 1999-2026 vehicles from Dodge, Ram, Jeep
Install New Speakers in select 1999-2026 vehicles from Dodge, Ram, Jeep
• Fits select 1999-2026 vehicles from Dodge, Ram, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1999-2026 vehicles from Dodge, Ram, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-7800
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2024 vehicles from Honda, Acura, Isuzu
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2024 vehicles from Honda, Acura, Isuzu
• Fits select 1990-2024 vehicles from Honda, Acura, Isuzu
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2024 vehicles from Honda, Acura, Isuzu
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-5600
Install New Speakers in select 1993-2017 vehicles from Ford, Mazda, Mercury
Install New Speakers in select 1993-2017 vehicles from Ford, Mazda, Mercury
• Fits select 1993-2017 vehicles from Ford, Mazda, Mercury
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1993-2017 vehicles from Ford, Mazda, Mercury
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-9000
Install New Speakers in select 2014-2020 vehicles from Ram, Fiat
Install New Speakers in select 2014-2020 vehicles from Ram, Fiat
• Fits select 2014-2020 vehicles from Ram, Fiat
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2014-2020 vehicles from Ram, Fiat
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-5602
Install New Front Kick Panel Speakers in select 2009-2024 vehicles from Ford, Mazda, Lincoln
Install New Front Kick Panel Speakers in select 2009-2024 vehicles from Ford, Mazda, Lincoln
• Fits select 2009-2024 vehicles from Ford, Mazda, Lincoln
• Installs new front kick panel car speakers
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2009-2024 vehicles from Ford, Mazda, Lincoln
• Installs new front kick panel car speakers
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-8603 Speaker Harness
Install New Speakers in select 2017-2024 Model Y and Model 3
Install New Speakers in select 2017-2024 Model Y and Model 3
• Fits select 2017-2024 Model Y and Model 3
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2017-2024 Model Y and Model 3
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-4572
Install New Speakers in select 2006-2024 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac
Install New Speakers in select 2006-2024 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac
• Fits select 2006-2024 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2006-2024 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-7401
Install New Speakers in select 2000-2024 vehicles from Nissan, Infiniti, Chevrolet
Install New Speakers in select 2000-2024 vehicles from Nissan, Infiniti, Chevrolet
• Fits select 2000-2024 vehicles from Nissan, Infiniti, Chevrolet
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2000-2024 vehicles from Nissan, Infiniti, Chevrolet
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-9701
2-pin Speaker Harnesses for select 2017 Slingshot
2-pin Speaker Harnesses for select 2017 Slingshot
• 2-pin Speaker Harness
• Compatible with select 2017 Slingshot
• Sold as pair
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• 2-pin Speaker Harness
• Compatible with select 2017 Slingshot
• Sold as pair
Metra 72-7300
Install New Speakers in select 1998-2021 vehicles from Hyundai, Kia, Toyota
Install New Speakers in select 1998-2021 vehicles from Hyundai, Kia, Toyota
• Fits select 1998-2021 vehicles from Hyundai, Kia, Toyota
• 2-way 2-position speaker harness design
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1998-2021 vehicles from Hyundai, Kia, Toyota
• 2-way 2-position speaker harness design
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-4500
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2013 vehicles from GMC, Chevrolet, Buick
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2013 vehicles from GMC, Chevrolet, Buick
• Fits select 1990-2013 vehicles from GMC, Chevrolet, Buick
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2013 vehicles from GMC, Chevrolet, Buick
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-4573
Install New Tweeters or Speakers in select 2015-2024 vehicles from GMC, Chevrolet, Cadillac
Install New Tweeters or Speakers in select 2015-2024 vehicles from GMC, Chevrolet, Cadillac
• Fits select 2015-2024 vehicles from GMC, Chevrolet, Cadillac
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2015-2024 vehicles from GMC, Chevrolet, Cadillac
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-8110
Install New Speakers and Tweeters in select 2003-2025 vehicles from Subaru, Toyota, Scion
Install New Speakers and Tweeters in select 2003-2025 vehicles from Subaru, Toyota, Scion
• Fits select 2003-2025 vehicles from Subaru, Toyota, Scion
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2003-2025 vehicles from Subaru, Toyota, Scion
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-9001
Install New Speakers in select 1998-2023 vehicles from Volkswagen, Porsche, Mercedes-Benz
Install New Speakers in select 1998-2023 vehicles from Volkswagen, Porsche, Mercedes-Benz
• Fits select 1998-2023 vehicles from Volkswagen, Porsche, Mercedes-Benz
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1998-2023 vehicles from Volkswagen, Porsche, Mercedes-Benz
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-5512
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2006 vehicles from Ford, Mercury, Mazda
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2006 vehicles from Ford, Mercury, Mazda
• Fits select 1990-2006 vehicles from Ford, Mercury, Mazda
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2006 vehicles from Ford, Mercury, Mazda
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 82-HD2
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 2006-2023 vehicles from Honda, Acura (Front & Rear Speakers)
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 2006-2023 vehicles from Honda, Acura (Front & Rear Speakers)
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 2006-2023 vehicles from Honda, Acura Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 6.5" to 6.75" speakers
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 2006-2023 vehicles from Honda, Acura Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 6.5" to 6.75" speakers
Metra 72-7302
Install New Speakers in select 2010-2024 vehicles from Hyundai, Kia, Genesis
Install New Speakers in select 2010-2024 vehicles from Hyundai, Kia, Genesis
• Fits select 2010-2024 vehicles from Hyundai, Kia, Genesis
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2010-2024 vehicles from Hyundai, Kia, Genesis
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-7902
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2024 vehicles from Ram, Dodge, Jeep
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2024 vehicles from Ram, Dodge, Jeep
• Fits select 1990-2024 vehicles from Ram, Dodge, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2024 vehicles from Ram, Dodge, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-7400
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2024 vehicles from Nissan, Infiniti, Mercury
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2024 vehicles from Nissan, Infiniti, Mercury
• Fits select 1990-2024 vehicles from Nissan, Infiniti, Mercury
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2024 vehicles from Nissan, Infiniti, Mercury
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 82-GM1
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 1995-2010 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Hummer (Front Speaker)
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 1995-2010 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Hummer (Front Speaker)
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 1995-2010 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Hummer Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 5.25" to 6.5" speakers
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 1995-2010 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC, Hummer Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 5.25" to 6.5" speakers
Metra 82-SU1
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 2002-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Subaru, Lexus (Front Speakers)
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 2002-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Subaru, Lexus (Front Speakers)
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 2002-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Subaru, Lexus Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 6" x 9" speakers
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 2002-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Subaru, Lexus Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 6" x 9" speakers
Metra 72-8109 Speaker Wiring Harness
Install New Speakers in select 2018-2024 vehicles from Toyota
Install New Speakers in select 2018-2024 vehicles from Toyota
• Fits select 2018-2024 vehicles from Toyota
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2018-2024 vehicles from Toyota
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-6515
Install New Speakers in select 1999-2024 vehicles from Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler
Install New Speakers in select 1999-2024 vehicles from Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler
• Fits select 1999-2024 vehicles from Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1999-2024 vehicles from Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 82-TY1
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 1998-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Lexus, Subaru (Front or Rear Speakers)
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 1998-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Lexus, Subaru (Front or Rear Speakers)
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 1998-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Lexus, Subaru Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 6.5" to 6.75" speakers
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 1998-2024 vehicles from Toyota, Lexus, Subaru Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 6.5" to 6.75" speakers
Metra 72-9002
Install New Speakers in select 1994-2024 vehicles from Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Chevrolet
Install New Speakers in select 1994-2024 vehicles from Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Chevrolet
• Fits select 1994-2024 vehicles from Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Chevrolet
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1994-2024 vehicles from Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Chevrolet
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-8108
Install New Speakers in select 1992-2013 vehicles from Toyota, Mazda, Dodge
Install New Speakers in select 1992-2013 vehicles from Toyota, Mazda, Dodge
• Fits select 1992-2013 vehicles from Toyota, Mazda, Dodge
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1992-2013 vehicles from Toyota, Mazda, Dodge
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-9300
Install New Car Speakers in select 1976-2015 vehicles from Subaru, Nissan, Mazda
Install New Car Speakers in select 1976-2015 vehicles from Subaru, Nissan, Mazda
• Fits select 1976-2015 vehicles from Subaru, Nissan, Mazda
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1976-2015 vehicles from Subaru, Nissan, Mazda
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-6512
Install New Speakers in select 1984-2007 vehicles from Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep
Install New Speakers in select 1984-2007 vehicles from Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep
• Fits select 1984-2007 vehicles from Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1984-2007 vehicles from Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 82-GM2
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 2014-2020 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC (Rear Speakers)
Speaker Adapter & Harness Kit for select 2014-2020 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC (Rear Speakers)
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 2014-2020 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 6" to 6.75" speakers
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• ABS speaker adapter plates (pair)
• Speaker adapter harnesses (pair)
• Compatible with select 2014-2020 vehicles from Chevrolet, GMC Vehicles
• One convenient package to assist in replacing a pair of speakers
• Designed for installation of 6" to 6.75" speakers
Metra 72-5605
Install a New Tweeter in select 2011-2024 vehicles from Ford, Lincoln
Install a New Tweeter in select 2011-2024 vehicles from Ford, Lincoln
• Fits select 2011-2024 vehicles from Ford, Lincoln
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2011-2024 vehicles from Ford, Lincoln
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-9301
Install New Car Speakers in select 1990-2013 vehicles from Mitsubishi, Toyota, Hyundai
Install New Car Speakers in select 1990-2013 vehicles from Mitsubishi, Toyota, Hyundai
• Fits select 1990-2013 vehicles from Mitsubishi, Toyota, Hyundai
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2013 vehicles from Mitsubishi, Toyota, Hyundai
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-5601
Install New Speakers in select 1998-2024 vehicles from Ford, Lincoln, Mercury
Install New Speakers in select 1998-2024 vehicles from Ford, Lincoln, Mercury
• Fits select 1998-2024 vehicles from Ford, Lincoln, Mercury
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1998-2024 vehicles from Ford, Lincoln, Mercury
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-1002
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2002 vehicles from Dodge, Jeep, Oldsmobile
Install New Speakers in select 1990-2002 vehicles from Dodge, Jeep, Oldsmobile
• Fits select 1990-2002 vehicles from Dodge, Jeep, Oldsmobile
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1990-2002 vehicles from Dodge, Jeep, Oldsmobile
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-8600 Wiring Harness
Install New Speakers in select 2019-2024 Model Y and Model 3
Install New Speakers in select 2019-2024 Model Y and Model 3
• Fits select 2019-2024 Model Y and Model 3
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2019-2024 Model Y and Model 3
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-6517
Install a New Tweeter in select 2005-2024 vehicles from Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep
Install a New Tweeter in select 2005-2024 vehicles from Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep
• Fits select 2005-2024 vehicles from Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2005-2024 vehicles from Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-6514-12
Install New Speakers in select 1999-2026 vehicles from Dodge, Ram, Jeep
Install New Speakers in select 1999-2026 vehicles from Dodge, Ram, Jeep
• Fits select 1999-2026 vehicles from Dodge, Ram, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1999-2026 vehicles from Dodge, Ram, Jeep
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-8105
Install New Speakers in select 1993-2018 vehicles from Toyota, Kia, Subaru
Install New Speakers in select 1993-2018 vehicles from Toyota, Kia, Subaru
• Fits select 1993-2018 vehicles from Toyota, Kia, Subaru
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 1993-2018 vehicles from Toyota, Kia, Subaru
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Metra 72-7801 Wiring Harness
Install New Speakers in select 2022-2024 Civic and CR-V and Accord
Install New Speakers in select 2022-2024 Civic and CR-V and Accord
• Fits select 2022-2024 Civic and CR-V and Accord
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
Free shipping in USA.
Provide zip for delivery date.
• Fits select 2022-2024 Civic and CR-V and Accord
• Direct connection to the factory harness
• Color coded wires for easy installation
• No cutting or splicing required
